by MARK GABRISH CONLAN
Copyright © 2012 by Mark Gabrish Conlan for Zenger’s
Newsmagazine • All rights reserved
Laborers’ Union
members turn out against TPP
Brooke Harper
Cathy Familiathe
Michelle Chin
Irma Zavala
Holly Hellerstedt
Mayer Souta
Kristen Smith
Cathy Mendonça
Ivan and his comrades
with the banner
James Bartoli
If you’ve never
heard of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), that suits the people who are
pushing it — the Obama administration, the governments of the other major
countries involved and the corporations who stand to benefit from its
far-reaching provisions against pro-labor and pro-environmental laws in the
countries joining it — just fine. San Diego is currently hosting the latest
round of talks between government and corporate officials to negotiate the
details of the TPP, and labor and anti-neoliberal activists planned a response
for the originally announced dates of the talks: July 2-10. Then the organizers
of the TPP negotiations decided to jump the gun on the response by sneaking
into town early — the weekend of June 30-July 1 — and getting to work right
away so the TPP opponents would have nothing to respond to.
The secrecy with
which the TPP is being negotiated has been a constant throughout the process.
Though representatives of multinational corporations have been allowed to read
the proposed TPP treaty documents and negotiate their contents, mere elected
officials of the U.S. Congress — including Senator Ron Wyden (D-OR), chair of
the Senate Finance Committee’s subcommittee dealing with trade agreements —
have been denied access to the terms of TPP. “No one has access to the
documents that have such far-reaching implications,” said Brooke Harper of
Global Trade Watch, a project of the Public Citizen watchdog organization that
monitors trade agreements, at an organizing meeting in San Diego June 20. And
when one of the treaty’s proposed sections — the one on multinational
investment — was leaked to Global Trade Watch, the Obama administration
responded not by pulling back on TPP but by raising the ante, inviting Mexico
to join the pact.
What is the TPP?
Ostensibly it’s a “free trade” agreement between the United States, Australia,
New Zealand, Brunei, Chile, Malaysia, Peru, Singapore and Viet Nam. But as with
the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between the U.S., Canada and
Mexico, and other so-called “free trade” agreements that have followed NAFTA
and been patterned on it, TPP is really a huge machine to increase corporate
profits by making it easier for multinational corporations to shift jobs
overseas. It would forbid member countries from passing “domestic content” laws
requiring that a certain portion of the parts in manufactured goods sold in
their countries be produced there.
What’s more, the
leaked section contains an elaborate provision for so-called “investor-to-state
dispute resolution.” This idea, which first reared its head in NAFTA and was
expanded in the late 1990’s in a proposed worldwide treaty called the
Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI), allows corporations to sue
countries to have their labor or environmental protection laws thrown out as
“restraints on trade.” MAI died as a result of the “Battle of Seattle” in
November 1999, in which activists successfully disrupted a meeting of the World
Trade Organization (WTO) and at least temporarily blocked expansion of
pro-corporate trade agreements worldwide. But some of its more loathsome
provisions are back in the proposed TPP.
What’s wrong
with investor-to-state dispute resolution? To put it bluntly, it puts
corporations ahead of sovereign nation-states in decision-making. In the 1990’s
a Canadian company named Methanex sued the state of California, claiming it had
no right to ban a Methanex-manufactured gasoline additive that contaminated
drinking water. Methanex demanded $970 million in “lost” profits from the
state, and it took California six years and $4 million in legal fees to defeat
the claim. More recently, a Chinese company contacted the Vermont state
legislature and ordered it not to pass legislation restricting electronic waste
disposal and toxic chemicals in toys, or the Chinese would sue for alleged
violations of U.S. trade treaties.
Asked at the
June 20 meeting whether TPP could be used to supersede U.S. labor laws, Harper
said that most of the cases already heard under investor-to-state dispute
resolution have been “land-use or zoning laws.” But some of the most
controversial challenges have been attempts by corporations to challenge laws
restricting their ability to sell dangerous products, including the Family and
Teen Smoking Act and the Food Labeling Law. “In Massachusetts, they had to
fight to keep on the books their law against buying products from Myanmar,”
Harper said. “They haven’t had challenges on labor law yet.” She also said that
even without the TPP in place, Philip Morris was able to sue El Salvador to get
smoking restrictions lifted under the Central American Free Trade Agreement
(CAFTA) even though El Salvador isn’t a signatory to CAFTA, and more recently
they’ve sued Australia via a subsidiary in Hong Kong.
TPP is being
billed as an attempt to contain China economically, and some critics have drawn
a connection between it and Obama’s Pacific Rim defense strategy aimed at
boosting the U.S. military presence in the Pacific to control China militarily.
At the same time, though, feelers have been sent out to invite China to join
TPP.
San Diegans Speak Out
Against TPP
San Diego’s
response to the latest round of TPP negotiations began on July 2 with a
spirited rally outside the Hilton San Diego Bayfront Hotel, next to the San
Diego Convention Center. With the TPP negotiators housed inside the Bayfront
and holding their meetings there, members of labor unions and community
organizations challenged the pact in a small but spirited rally outside the
building. The rally was MC’d by San Diego-Imperial Counties Labor Council chair
Lorena Gonzalez, and among the speakers was Cathy Familiathe, president of the
Southern California District Council of the historically progressive
International Longshoremen’s and Warehousemen’s Union (ILWU).
“Those of our
members fortunate enough to move cargo still work,” Familiathe said. “But the
mission of our union is to look out for everyone, including our warehouse,
nursery and cannery workers whose jobs are being outsourced. ILWU has
historically been against these trade agreements.” She said she had got a good
look at how dire the impact of so-called “free trade” could be when a
delegation from her union toured a maquiladora factory in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico in 1992, a year before NAFTA went
into effect. Though the inside of the factory was state-of-the-art, she said,
“the workers still went home at night to houses built of pallets.” Their
employers, she said, “went from paying $8 per hour in the U.S. Midwest to
paying $8 per day.”
Familiathe
called for an open debate on the merits of TPP and other so-called “free trade”
agreements. “If members of Congress believe agreements like TPP are good for
the nation, let them bring such agreements to us, and facilitate pro-and-con
debates in their districts where opponents are given equal time.” This might be
easier said than done; according to Brooke Harper, members of Congress won’t
even see the TPP until its final draft is agreed on and submitted to them — and
then they’ll have to vote on it under “fast-track” authority, which means
they’ll have to decide yes or no without being able to offer amendments.
Michelle Chin of
Friends of the Earth said she also experienced the direct results of so-called
“free trade” up close and personal in the early 1990’s. “I went to high school
10 miles from here, at a Catholic school run by some pretty radical nuns, and
they took us to a maquiladora,” she
recalled. “We were teenage girls and we saw other teenage girls, not going to
school but working. Later we learned about women being sexually harassed in the
maquiladoras, labor organizers
threatened, and just a few weeks ago a labor activist was kidnapped and a gun
held to his head as he was driven and dumped out of town.”
According to
Chin, U.S. law requires that U.S. companies that relocate manufacturing jobs
involving toxic chemicals to Mexico must send the toxic waste from their
operations back to the U.S. for safe disposal — but only about one-sixth of
them actually do so. “The rest just dump their waste in Mexico,” she said. “As
a result of NAFTA, all the rivers around
Tijuana have been decimated by pollution.”
Irma Zavala,
representing the hotel and restaurant workers’ union UNITE HERE, had a
particular gripe against Brunei, one of the original participants in TPP. “I
came here 31 years ago to flee the civil war in El Salvador,” she said. “I
worked at the Hotel Bel Air for 20 years so we could save up to buy a house and
send our daughter to college. But when the government of Brunei bought the Bel
Air chain, they closed the hotel for ‘remodeling’ and when they reopened it,
they hired almost none of the original workers. In Brunei women don’t have
equal rights and being Gay is illegal. They supported Iran in its nuclear
program and in repressing its protesters. You can see their history of human
rights violations. Please protect job security and human rights in America.”
Other speakers
at the event pointed to the myriad ways TPP’s provisions would help make
corporations and the 1 percent richer at the expense of everyone else. Holly Hellerstedt of the Queer-rights group Canvass for a Cause (CFAC) discussed the way TPP
would extend the length of drug patents — thereby ensuring that the cost of
standard anti-HIV treatments would remain at $8,000 per year instead of the
$400 per year they would cost without patents. Mayer Souta of the Electronic
Freedom Foundation (EFF) said that the TPP would add 120 years to existing
copyrights in member countries, thereby choking off innovation and creativity.
It would also, she said, stifle the free use of the Internet in some of the
same ways as the Stop Internet Piracy Act (SOPA), dropped by the U.S. Congress
after overwhelming public opposition.
Kristen Smith of
Women’s Occupy pointed to the smoking regulations that have already been
targeted by tobacco companies under existing trade agreements and would be even
harder to defend under TPP — leading to millions of preventable early deaths.
Cathy Mendonça of Affirm San Diego pointed to the disproportionate harm done to
women in Mexico under NAFTA — including the virtual destruction of Mexico’s
agricultural sector as well as the murders of over 400 women, most of them maquiladora workers, in Ciudad Juárez. She also said that female
maquiladora workers not only have
to deal with sexual harassment from their bosses, they are forced to use birth
control and take regular pregnancy tests because they can be fired if they
become pregnant.
One of the most
dramatic appearances came from a young man named Ivan, a Filipino-American
activist from the Bayan U.S.A. group. His organization brought a long anti-TPP
banner they used in an action in the Philippines and unfurled it next to the
podium as Ivan spoke. Ivan drew the connection between the TPP and the U.S.’s
increasing military presence in the Philippines, and said the U.S. is trying to
regain the bases in the Philippines they were forced to give up in the 1990’s.
“The U.S. economy is dependent on Asia and the Pacific,” Ivan said. “The U.S.
needs to exploit more people. The TPP is an example of the desperation of the 1
percent. They don’t want you to hear that in the Philippines there is a
movement for national liberation.”
“The TPP is not
a free trade agreement; it is a corporate bill of rights,” said James Bartoli
of Occupy San Diego — who played against the usual image of Occupy by appearing
in a suit and tie. “This is for the global 1 percent to expand their supply
areas and outsource jobs both to low-wage areas within the U.S. and to
repressive governments around the world. When Occupy started, our slogan was
‘People Over Profits.’ We can see that capitalism is broken, and expanding empire
through direct foreign investments is their only way forward.”
San Diego’s
anti-TPP opponents are planning a wide variety of actions against the proposal
during the remaining week its negotiators will be in town, culminating in a
pots-and-pans march Saturday, July 7, 10:30 a.m., from Civic Center Plaza to
the Hilton site. For more information, visit www.stoptpp.org
