Goal Is to Bring
Community-Based Radio to San Diego
by MARK GABRISH
CONLAN
Copyright © 2011 by
Mark Gabrish Conlan for Zenger’s Newsmagazine • All rights reserved
PHOTO: Kelly Barnes
Radio has the power
to be a real presence in a local area and bring diverse groups together for a
real sense of community. But in the U.S. that rarely happens because almost all
the major frequencies are owned by giant media conglomerates and many of them
are broadcasting programs that originate from production centers thousands of
miles away. But the Philadelphia-based Prometheus Radio Project has been
working hard to make local community-oriented radio a reality not only in
far-flung rural areas but in major cities like San Diego – and on August 29,
local activists gathered at the San Diego Media Arts Center in North Park for a
local event as part of Prometheus’s “Radio Summer” campaign to build as many
Low-Power FM (LPFM) stations as possible in San Diego and throughout the U.S.
“Radio Summer” came
about as a result of Prometheus’s decade-long campaign to open up more space on
the radio dial for LPFM. On January 4, their efforts paid off when the U.S.
Congress passed the Community Radio Act and President Obama signed it into law.
“It gives the U.S. Federal Communications Commission [FCC] authority to license
over 1,000 low-power community radio stations, probably the largest expansion
of community radio in our nation’s history,” said Ian Smith, national outreach
coordinator for Prometheus, who addressed the local meeting via a Skype link
from his home in Philadelphia.
Smith explained that
LPFM licenses are issued to nonprofit organizations, including schools and
churches as well as community groups. The licensees have to have educational
missions and the stations have to be locally owned and operated. LPFM stations
existed before the Community Radio Act was passed, but virtually all of them
were in rural areas, remote from major population centers and therefore not
serviced by commercial or mainstream public stations. Under the new law, and
the rules the FCC approved in July to implement it, San Diego and other large
cities will get access to LPFM for the first time. Prometheus’s goal, Smith
said, is to get 1,000 LPFM licenses approved by the FCC by the summer of 2012.
According to Smith,
LPFM and other community-based radio stations do a lot more than just broadcast
news and entertainment. “Community radio has been used to clean up toxic waste,
organize migrant farmworkers, clean up after Hurricane Katrina and get
community and musicians exposed.” Though the stations are only allowed to
broadcast at 100 watts of power, for a range of three to 10 miles, they can be
a powerful organizing tool precisely because their small power and range makes
them “hyper-local,” Smith explained. As newspapers continue to decline and
digital media become more important, Smith said, LPFM will be an important
community tool to reach a large but still localized audience.
It’s not quite clear
just how soon the new LPFM stations will become a reality. According to Smith,
the FCC isn’t expected to publish the actual applications for licenses until
spring 2012, and would-be LPFM broadcasters will have only a three- to
four-month “window” before the application deadline on June 7, 2012. Smith
warned that, despite the optimistic predictions of Activist San Diego (ASD)
radio general manager Kelly Barnes and others that San Diego could get four to
five LPFM licenses, “we’re not sure” how many opportunities there will be
because “the FCC hasn’t issued the rules yet.” He said “it’s important that
groups with similar ideals work together now … because the FCC could block the
licenses for years or make you time-share at awkward hours.”
One person in the
meeting said he had logged on to a Web site that purported to identify
potential LPFM sites and had got back the discouraging news that there would be
at most just one possible station in San Diego – and it would be located in
University City/Miramar, away from the city’s population center and far from
the progressive communities south of interstate 8. Smith said that the site
this person had looked up “won’t give you any false positives but it does give
you false negatives. The FCC doesn’t have the rules yet and we won’t know where
the opportunities are until January.” He pointed out that the FCC had extended
the comment period during which people can write them with input on the
proposed rules, and urged people to write them to demand rules that will allow
San Diego to have up to five LPFM stations.
One of the announced
speakers at the meeting was Makeda Cheatom, director of the World Beat Center
in Balboa Park and host of a reggae program on commercial radio in San Diego
for 30 years. (It now streams on the Internet at www.oneworldreggae.com.)
Because of her radio experience and the World Beat Center’s roots in and
outreach to the African-American community, her organization is expected to be
a front-runner for an LPFM station in San Diego. Cheatom arrived only at the
end of the meeting – she’d been in Mexico earlier in the day and had got stuck
at the border – but Jesse, a volunteer with her group, gave a presentation for
her emphasizing the need to use LPFM to reach out to immigrants and communities
of color.
“There are so many
immigrant communities here,” Jesse explained. “San Diego is a really vibrant
city culturally, but it remains one of the most conservative cities
politically. So many people don’t have a voice, and in the Right-wing media
they’re reported as poor people who can’t get their shit together. We need to
get their content to the airwaves so people who don’t go to the World Beat
Center can fnd out what’s going on. We want to be a platform for people to
stand on. We want people who are like-minded who are about communities,
especially the African-American and African immigrant communities. We have
Ethiopians, Somalians, Sudanese and other communities from Africa, and right
now they don’t have any media outlets.”
Attorney Art Neill,
director of the local New Media Rights coalition, explained the concept of
“Creative Commons” licensing and how it works as an alternative to traditional
copyright law. He explained that the “Creative Commons” concept was originally
devised by independent software writers and engineers, who realized “that
traditional copyright didn’t really apply to software.” As an alternative to
commercial software from companies like Microsoft, they started writing
programs of their own – and posting the code for them on the Internet so others
could examine the programs, improve them and offer fixes for any bugs they
might contain. “Five to 10 years ago,” Neill said, “people decided that maybe
they wanted to share their content as well” and allow others to modify it or
create new (so-called “derivative”) works based on it without the hassle of
licensing and the expense of paying royalties.
Creative Commons is
a sometimes confusing concept because there isn’t just one Creative Commons
license, Neill explained. Instead there are six alternatives, all available
online, which differ mainly in terms of which rights the creator keeps control
over and how much he or she allows others to reuse or share the work. Some
Creative Commons licenses allow for unlimited reuse, some require that the
original creator be given credit, and some allow for noncommercial reuse only.
Playwright Charles Mee allows other writers and acting companies to create
works based on his plays, but he retains traditional copyrights so that anyone
performing one of his scripts exactly as he wrote it has to license it and pay
him royalties.
Neill said that
Creative Commons offered LPFM stations an alternative to having to pay the high
licensing fees charged by companies like the American Society of Composers,
Artists and Publishers (ASCAP) and Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI), which between
them control virtually all the music heard on commercial radio. “You can find
music and content you can reuse,” Neill said, either by dealing directly with
local artists and asking for permission to play their songs for free, or
logging onto Web sites that already offer Creative Commons music that can be
downloaded and played on the air or on other Web sites.
Kelly Barnes spoke
both for Activist San Diego — whose own radio project, a full-power nonprofit
educational station in the Descanso/Julian area, isn’t part of the LPFM
movement but will probably operate much like an LPFM station – and also for
Open Media City Heights, whose proprietor, Brian Meyers, recently ran a
streaming audio service covering the City Heights area with LPFM-style radio
content. When Meyers had to give up this project because the Media Arts Center
hired him for a full-time job, he donated his equipment to ASD to set up their
own radio streaming project, both to get their content online as soon as
possible and to offer a preview of what the Descanso station, KNSJ, will
broadcast once it goes on the air in late 2012 or early 2013.
“ASD has a strong
local identity,” Barnes said. “The vision is to build the local capacity for
radio with 1,000 content producers. We would like to be both a vessel and a
training program.” One of Barnes’ priorities is to demystify radio production
and teach people how simple it is to create radio shows with everyday
equipment. When California Governor Jerry Brown signed SB 48, the law requiring
California public middle and high schools to teach the contributions of Queer
people, Pacific Islanders and people with disabilities, Barnes and this
reporter did a one-minute radio segment, recording an interview on Barnes’
smart phone which she later edited using open-source software. The result was
picked up by the Free Speech Radio Network and aired on over 1,000
noncommercial radio stations and Web sites.
